DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A multi-model DBMS and application server

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.intersystems.com/products/cache

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.intersystems.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Amazon

Cockroach Labs

InterSystems

Microsoft

8Kdata

Initial release

2017

2015

1997

1989

2016

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

2018.1.4, May 2020

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

depending on used data model

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C#
C++
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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