DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. MySQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Widely used open source RDBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.leanxcale.com

www.mysql.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.immudb.io

dev.mysql.com/doc

Developer

Amazon

Cockroach Labs

Codenotary

LeanXcale

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Initial release

2017

2015

2020

2015

1995

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
Java
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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