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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. ReductStore

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. ReductStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonReductStore  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Designed to manage unstructured time-series data efficiently, providing unique features such as storing time-stamped blobs with labels, customizable data retention policies, and a straightforward FIFO quota system.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.05
Rank#384  Overall
#44  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.h2database.comorientdb.orggithub.com/­reductstore
www.reduct.store
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.reduct.store/­docs
DeveloperAmazonCockroach LabsThomas MuellerOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPReductStore LLC
Initial release20172015200520102023
Current release24.1.0, May 20242.2.220, July 20233.2.29, March 20241.9, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBusiness Source License 1.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaJavaC++, Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemayesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, Javascript
TriggersnonoyesHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBH2OrientDBReductStore
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