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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.immudb.io
DeveloperAmazonCockroach LabsThomas MuellerCodenotary
Initial release2017201520052020
Current release24.1.0, May 20242.2.220, July 20231.2.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaGo
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesSQL-like syntax
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBH2Immudb
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