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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#325  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.citusdata.comwww.postgresql.orgsurrealdb.comwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.citusdata.comwww.postgresql.org/­docssurrealdb.com/­docsvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperAmazonPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSurrealDB LtdParadigma Software
Initial release201720101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20221999
Current release8.1, December 201816.3, May 2024v1.5.0, May 20245.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCRust
Server operating systemshostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCitusPostgreSQLSurrealDBValentina Server
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