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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. GridDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. GridDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonGridDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Scalable in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and Big DataEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score1.95
Rank#128  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.citusdata.comwww.ontotext.comgriddb.netwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.citusdata.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.griddb.netdocs.stardog.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazonOntotextToshiba CorporationStardog-Union
Initial release20172010200020132010
Current release8.1, December 201810.4, October 20235.1, August 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoAGPL version 3 and Apache License, version 2.0 , commercial license (standard and advanced editions) also availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonumerical, string, blob, geometry, boolean, timestampyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL92, SQL-like TQL (Toshiba Query Language)Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoConnector for using GridDB as an input source and output destination for Hadoop MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate consistency within container, eventual consistency across containersImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID at container levelACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneCitusGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMGridDBStardog
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
GridDB is a highly scalable, in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
1. Optimized for IoT Equipped with Toshiba's proprietary key-container data model...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Factory IoT, Automative Industry, Energy, BEMS, Smart Community, Monitoring system.
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Denso International [see use case ] An Electric Power company [see use case ] Ishinomaki...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
GitHub trending repository
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Open Source license (AGPL v3 & Apache v2) Commercial license (subscription)
» more
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Amazon NeptuneCitusGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMGridDBStardog
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