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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Prometheus

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Prometheus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Open-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score7.69
Rank#50  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comprometheus.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.citusdata.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationprometheus.io/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBOntotext
Initial release20172010201320002015
Current release8.1, December 20186.2.28, November 202010.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++JavaGo
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infoImport of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionssupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.in SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityno
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replicationyes infoby Federation
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.no
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneCitusFoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMPrometheus
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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