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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Riak KV

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.84
Rank#76  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latest
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleOpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies
Initial release2017200820172009
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20243.2.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise edition
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaErlang
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesrestricted
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoErlang
Triggersnoyesnoyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infolinks between data sets can be stored
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes, using Riak Security
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache CassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerRiak KV
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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