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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Blazegraph vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Blazegraph vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.81
Rank#213  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneblazegraph.comwww.citusdata.comwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswiki.blazegraph.comdocs.citusdata.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazonBlazegraphOntotextMicrosoft
Initial release20172006201020002019
Current release2.1.5, March 20198.1, December 201810.4, October 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoextended commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoRDF literal typesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSPARQL is used as query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in Graphsyesyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Security and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Azure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneBlazegraphCitusGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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