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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneiotdb.apache.orgwww.leanxcale.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationLeanXcaleGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20172018201520111994
Current release1.1.0, April 20231.23, February 202118.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnono
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infothrough Apache Derbynoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C
Java
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnono
Triggersnoyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesnono

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache IoTDBLeanXcaleLevelDBOracle Berkeley DB
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