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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Lovefield vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Lovefield vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldorientdb.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleGoogleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release20172013201520142010
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.1.12, February 20173.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScriptJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoJava, Javascript
TriggersnononoUsing read-only observersHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyesyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaGoogle Cloud BigtableLovefieldOrientDB
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