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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.compostgis.net
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.compostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera
Initial release2017201320102005
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20183.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaCitusPostGIS
DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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