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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Firebird vs. Hawkular Metrics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Firebird vs. Hawkular Metrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#366  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.hawkular.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guide
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaFirebird FoundationCommunity supported by Red Hat
Initial release2017201320102000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2014
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20185.0.0, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PSQLno
Triggersnonoyesyesyes infovia Hawkular Alerting
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptno

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaCitusFirebirdHawkular Metrics
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