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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Druid vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Druid vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedruid.apache.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerquasar.ai
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation and contributorsSymasMicrosoftquasardb
Initial release20172012201120192009
Current release29.0.1, April 20240.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases3.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL for queryingnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache DruidLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuasardb
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