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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon SimpleDB vs. Dgraph vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon SimpleDB vs. Dgraph vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon SimpleDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudHosted simple database service by Amazon, with the data stored in the Amazon Cloud. infoThere is an unrelated product called SimpleDB developed by Edward ScioreDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeGraph DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.88
Rank#133  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneaws.amazon.com/­simpledbdgraph.iogithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.aws.amazon.com/­simpledbdgraph.io/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonAmazonDgraph Labs, Inc.STS Soft SCOpenLink Software
Initial release20172007201620111998
Current release4.0.8, September 20157.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC#C
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
WindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll columns are indexed automaticallyyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonononoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
.NET Client APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Erlang
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonononoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoSharding must be implemented in the applicationyesnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesSynchronous replication via RaftnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoConcurrent data updates can be detected by the applicationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoPlanned for future releasesnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneAmazon SimpleDBDgraphSTSdbVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneAmazon SimpleDBDgraphSTSdbVirtuoso
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