DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. openGauss vs. OpenMLDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. openGauss vs. OpenMLDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database service

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by Huawei

An open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.91
Rank	#131	Overall
	#24	Document stores

Score	2.84
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#184	Overall
	#84	Relational DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#359	Overall
	#36	Time Series DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/documentdb

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

gitee.com/opengauss
opengauss.org

openmldb.ai

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/documentdb/resources

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.opengauss.org/en
gitee.com/opengauss/docs

openmldb.ai/docs/zh/main

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Huawei and openGauss community

4 Paradigm Inc.

Initial release

2019

2017

1989

2019

2020

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.0, March 2022

2024-2 February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C, C++, Java

C++, Java, Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

ANSI SQL 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

proprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible)

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Java

C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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