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DBMS > Amazon CloudSearch vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon CloudSearch vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon CloudSearch  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA hosted search engine service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.87
Rank#140  Overall
#12  Search engines
Score2.02
Rank#130  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­cloudsearchphoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­cloudsearchphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release20122014201020161998
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 20187.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCGoC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesyes infoall search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP APIJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes infoautomatic partitioning across Amazon Search Instance as requiredShardingShardingyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infomanaged transparently by AWSMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via RaftChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlauthentication via encrypted signaturesAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon CloudSearchApache PhoenixCitusDgraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon CloudSearchApache PhoenixCitusDgraphVirtuoso
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