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DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. FoundationDB vs. Tkrzw vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. FoundationDB vs. Tkrzw vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto CabinetVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.84
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­auroragithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbdbmx.net/­tkrzwvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBMikio HirabayashiOpenLink Software
Initial release2015201320201998
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.3, August 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infousing specific database classesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraFoundationDBTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto CabinetVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon AuroraFoundationDBTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto CabinetVirtuoso
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