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DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. EXASOL vs. Ingres vs. KairosDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. EXASOL vs. Ingres vs. KairosDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Well established RDBMSDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.91
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­aurorawww.exasol.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.actian.com/­ingreskairosdb.github.iodocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonExasolActian CorporationOpenLink Software
Initial release201520001974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20131998
Current release11.2, May 20221.2.2, November 20187.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Java
Lua
Python
R
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyesnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infobased on Cassandrayes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationIngres Replicatorselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraEXASOLIngresKairosDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon AuroraEXASOLIngresKairosDBVirtuoso
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