DBMS > Altibase vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Altibase vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMS

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Cloud-based data warehousing service

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.07
Rank	#186	Overall
	#87	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	1.30
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

altibase.com

hsqldb.org

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

github.com/ALTIBASE/Documents/tree/master/Manuals

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Altibase

IBM

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1999

2001

2014

1989

2010

Current release

v7.3, 2023, August 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open source edition discontinued with March 2023

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

ANSI SQL-92

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C
C++
Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

stored procedures and stored functions

Java, SQL

PL/SQL, SQL PL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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