DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.13
Rank	#179	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#94	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	421.08
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

memgraph.com/docs

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

docs.nebula-graph.io

Social network pages

Developer

Franz Inc.

Ontotext

Memgraph Ltd

MongoDB, Inc

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2004

2000

2017

2009

2019

Current release

8.0, December 2023

10.4, October 2023

6.0.7, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free and schema-optional

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

none

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Users, roles and permissions

Access rights for users and roles

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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