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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sadas Engine vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sadas Engine vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSadas Engine  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environmentsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#158  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.sadasengine.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.sadasengine.com/­en/­sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/­#documentationwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperFranz Inc.GoogleMicrosoftSADAS s.r.l.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20042015201920062019
Current release8.0, December 2023cloud service with continuous releases8.01.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree trial version availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedAIX
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common LispnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infomanaged by 'Learn by Usage'
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSadas EngineXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
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