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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperFranz Inc.GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2004201820152019
Current release8.0, December 20230.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lesshostedhosted
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common LispnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphDuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
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