DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.13
Rank	#179	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

allegrograph.com

www.datomic.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.sqlite.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

docs.datomic.com

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Franz Inc.

Cognitect

Google

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2004

2012

2008

2000

2019

Current release

8.0, December 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

server-less

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

Clojure
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

yes

Transaction Functions

using Google App Engine

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication using Paxos

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

News

How a Neuro-Symbolic AI Approach Can Improve Trust in AI Apps
23 May 2024

Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses?
17 April 2024

100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc.
3 April 2024

Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar)
9 February 2024

What is Neuro-Symbolic AI?
23 January 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.