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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OrientDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OrientDB vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comwww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spannerorientdb.orgtrino.io
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmldocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmltrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperFranz Inc.GoogleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPTrino Software Foundation
Initial release20042010201720102012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current release8.0, December 20238.1, December 20183.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageCJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possibleyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language, no joinsyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava, Javascriptyes, depending on connected data-source
TriggersyesyesnoHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingShardingShardingdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurableSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphCitusGoogle Cloud SpannerOrientDBTrino
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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More resources
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