DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Apache Drill vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Apache Drill vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used RDBMS

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.84
Rank	#204	Overall
	#35	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#10	Vector DBMS

Score	1.90
Rank	#126	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	5.28
Rank	#61	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Website

allegrograph.com

drill.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database

trino.io

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

drill.apache.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/en/database

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Developer

Franz Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Oracle

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2004

2012

2019

1980

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

8.0, December 2023

1.20.3, January 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

C++

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Depending on the underlying data source

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

News

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16 September 2024

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17 July 2024

23 is a go, keeping pace with Java
17 September 2024

65: Performance boosts
12 September 2024

64: Control with Open Policy Agent OPA
22 August 2024

63: Querying with JS
1 August 2024

62: A lakehouse that simply works at Prezi
11 July 2024

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