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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud Table Store  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionA fully managed Wide Column Store for large quantities of semi-structured data with real-time accessOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryWidely used in-process key-value storeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.26
Rank#301  Overall
#12  Wide column stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­table-storegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­tablestoreapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAlibabaFoundationDBSymasOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOpenLink Software
Initial release20162013201119941998
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 202418.1.40, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesnononoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesnoneSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights based on subaccounts and tokensnononoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreFoundationDBLMDBOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreFoundationDBLMDBOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
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