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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. BoltDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. BoltDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud Table Store  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionA fully managed Wide Column Store for large quantities of semi-structured data with real-time accessAn embedded key-value store for Go.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.26
Rank#301  Overall
#12  Wide column stores
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­table-storegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­tablestoreapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAlibabaFoundationDBGoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release20162013201320171998
Current release6.2.28, November 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnono infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnononoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonosupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
Go.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsyesACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights based on subaccounts and tokensnonoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreBoltDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreBoltDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerVirtuoso
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