DBMS > Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.59
Rank	#241	Overall
	#110	Relational DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.alibabacloud.com/product/polardb

www.exasol.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.marklogic.com

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/polardb/product-overview

www.exasol.com/resources

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.marklogic.com

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Alibaba

Exasol

Google

MarkLogic Corp.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2000

2017

2001

2014

Current release

11.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL92

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java
Python

Java
Lua
Python
R

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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