DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. SurrealDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. SurrealDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud PolarDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.59
Rank#241  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score0.86
Rank#203  Overall
#34  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­polardbwww.datomic.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldsurrealdb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­polardb/­product-overviewdocs.datomic.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdsurrealdb.com/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAlibabaCognitectGoogleSurrealDB LtdOpenLink Software
Initial release2012201420221998
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.1.12, February 2017v1.5.0, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptRustC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIGraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
Clojure
Java
JavaScriptDeno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsUsing read-only observersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonoyes, based on authentication and database rulesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud PolarDBDatomicLovefieldSurrealDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsPolarDB, previously ApsaraDB for PolarDB, is a cloud-native relational database designed...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesWebinar: Top Scientists Live: Tech Secrets to Double 11's Success Revealed. White...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosCreating a Robust Cloud-Based Database for Fintech, E-Commerce and Gaming. Learn...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSpecification and pricing. You can use either of the following billing methods to...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Alibaba Cloud PolarDBDatomicLovefieldSurrealDBVirtuoso
Recent citations in the news

Alibaba Cloud launches PolarDB database update - Chinadaily.com.cn
19 January 2024, China Daily

Chinese government blocks use of Intel, AMD chips in hardware
25 March 2024, TechRadar

Alibaba Cloud Named a Leader in Gartner(R) Magic Quadrant(TM) for Cloud Database Management Systems
8 February 2024, RYT9

Alibaba Rolls Own Distributed File System for Cloud Database Performance
21 August 2018, The Next Platform

Alibaba Cloud Further Facilitates Digital Transformation Acceleration across Asia in the Year of the Pandemic
27 January 2021, PR Newswire

provided by Google News

Nubank buys firm behind Clojure programming language
28 July 2020, Finextra

Zoona Case Study
16 December 2017, AWS Blog

Architecting Software for Leverage
13 November 2021, InfoQ.com

TerminusDB Takes on Data Collaboration with a git-Like Approach
1 December 2020, The New Stack

Brazil’s Nubank acquires US software firm Cognitect, creator of Clojure and Datomic
24 July 2020, LatamList

provided by Google News

SD Times Open-Source Project of the Week: SurrealDB
10 May 2024, SDTimes.com

Meet Tobie Morgan Hitchcock, CEO & Co-Founder Of SurrealDB
25 April 2024, TechRound

Cloud, privacy and AI: Trends defining the future of data and databases
27 September 2023, Sifted

SurrealDB raises $6M for its database-as-a-service offering
4 January 2023, TechCrunch

Introducing SurrealDB: A Quantum Leap in Database Technology
11 September 2023, TechRound

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

SingleStore logo

Database for your real-time AI and Analytics Apps.
Try it today.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here