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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on GreenplumA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.68
Rank#231  Overall
#105  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­hybriddb-postgresqlcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­analyticdb-for-postgresql/­latest/­product-introduction-overviewcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationgraphite.readthedocs.iolearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAlibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development GroupGoogleOntotextChris DavisMicrosoft
Initial release20162017200020061989
Current release10.4, October 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaPythonC++
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP API
Sockets
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC
Java
Perl
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infolockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDBGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMGraphiteMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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