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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Wide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitealasql.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffHypertable Inc.GoogleMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20142009201120161998
Current release0.9.8.11, March 20161.23, February 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C++C++C
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenononoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnorestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.nonoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIC++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptC++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoTransact SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factor on file system levelnoneyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storagenonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AlaSQLHypertableLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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AlaSQLHypertableLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseVirtuoso
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