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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitealasql.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffFoundationDBThomas MuellerCodenotaryMicrosoft
Initial release20142013200520202019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20231.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenono infosome layers support typingyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.supported in specific SQL layer onlyyesSQL-like syntaxKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIJDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJavaScript.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
AlaSQLFoundationDBH2ImmudbMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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