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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitealasql.orgwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertrino.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffFirebird FoundationMicrosoftTrino Software FoundationOpenLink Software
Initial release20142000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase19892012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL1998
Current release5.0.0, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaScriptC and C++C++JavaC
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.yesyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPSQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes, depending on connected data-sourceyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationdepending on connected data-sourceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editiondepending on connected data-sourceChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-sourceImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDACIDdepending on connected data-sourceACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AlaSQLFirebirdMicrosoft SQL ServerTrinoVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Performance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Used for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Largest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
AlaSQLFirebirdMicrosoft SQL ServerTrinoVirtuoso
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