this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.42
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores
	#122	Relational DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#346	Overall
	#47	Document stores
	#35	Graph DBMS
	#32	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS

Website

alasql.org

bangdb.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

docs.bangdb.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2014

2012

2019

Current release

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

BSD 3

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C, C++

C++

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

SQL like support with command line tool

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes (enterprise version only)

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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