DBMS > Aerospike vs. AllegroGraph vs. etcd vs. GraphDB vs. Neo4j
System Properties Comparison Aerospike vs. AllegroGraph vs. etcd vs. GraphDB vs. Neo4j
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| Name | Aerospike  previously called Citrusleaf Xexclude from comparison | AllegroGraph Xexclude from comparison | etcd Xexclude from comparison | GraphDB former name: OWLIM Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Flash-optimized In-memory NoSQL Database | High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS | A distributed reliable key-value store | Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL. | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS leveraging Apache TinkerpopKey-value store Spatial DBMS | Document store with version 6.5 Graph DBMS RDF store Vector DBMS | Key-value store | Graph DBMS RDF store | Graph DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aerospike.com | allegrograph.com | etcd.io github.com/etcd-io/etcd | www.ontotext.com | neo4j.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.aerospike.com | franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html | etcd.io/docs github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation | graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation | neo4j.com/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social network pages |     |   | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Aerospike | Franz Inc. | Ontotext | Neo4j, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2004 | 2000 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 7.0, November 2023 | 8.0, December 2023 | 3.4, August 2019 | 10.4, October 2023 | 5.19, April 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache and AGPL Licenses; open sourced in June 2014; commercial Enterprise Edition available | commercial Limited community edition free | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | commercial Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C | Go | Java | Java, Scala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux Windows experimental | All OS with a Java VM Linux OS X Windows | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes RDF schemas | schema-free | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes | schema-free and schema-optional | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no bulk load of XML files possible | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | no | yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | SPARQL is used as query language | no | stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC Proprietary protocol TinkerPop Gremlin | RESTful HTTP API SPARQL | gRPC JSON over HTTP | GeoSPARQL GraphQL GraphQL Federation Java API JDBC RDF4J API RDFS RIO Sail API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL 1.1 | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Lua Perl PHP Python Ruby | C# Clojure Java Lisp Perl Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby Rust Scala Tcl | .Net C# Clojure Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions with Lua | yes JavaScript or Common Lisp | no | well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes | yes, watching key changes | no | yes via event handler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | with Federation | none | yes using Neo4j Fabric | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | selectable replication factor | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | Multi-source replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes Aerospike Aggregation Framework is similar to Map/Reduce | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency in cross-datacenter configuration and Immediate Consistency in local cluster configuration | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request) | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes Constraint checking | yes Relationships in graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Atomic execution of operations | ACID | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles with Enterprise Edition only | Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication | no | Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on. | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerospike previously called Citrusleaf | AllegroGraph | etcd | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Neo4j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Aerospike is an enterprise-class, NoSQL database solution delivering predictable... » more | Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph... » more | Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Optimized for use with SSDs (solid-state hard drives) Scales horizontally and vertically... » more | AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and... » more | GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Aerospike excels in mission-critical applications that have mixed read/write workloads... » more | Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Nielsen, Williams-Sonoma, Inmobi, AppNexus, Telco (confidential), Financial Services... » more | GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | Aerospike's combination of speed, scalability, and reliability delivers 10x performance... » more | GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Subscription-based Enterprise Edition and free, open-source Community Edition » more | GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | New Aerospike Release Lets Enterprises Consolidate Expensive Legacy Cache And Database Platforms Aerospike Recognized by Independent Research Firm Among Notable Vendors in Vector Databases Report Aerospike Closes $109M in Growth Capital from Sumeru Equity Partners Aerospike Achieves the new AWS Advertising and Marketing Technology Competency Aerospike Showcases New Levels of Database Performance, Price, and Sustainability on Graviton3 at AWS re:Invent | Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses? 100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc. Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar) What is Neuro-Symbolic AI? Allegro CL v11 – Now Available! – The Neuro-Symbolic AI Programming Platform | Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model Case study: Policy Enforcement Automation With Semantics Okay, RAG… We Have a Problem Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP How Knowledge Graphs Power Data Mesh and Data Fabric | Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program 10 Inspiring Projects to Spark Your NODES 2024 Presentation New Security Feature in Neo4j Aura: Customer Managed Keys Safeguarding Elections: How Graph Technology Powers Groundbreaking Research on Political Ads This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Testcontainers, Metadata Management, App Dev and more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerospike previously called Citrusleaf | AllegroGraph | etcd | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Neo4j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Evaluating Hbase and Aerospike Solutions for Real-time System of Record | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs Aerospike raises $109M for its real-time database platform to capitalize on the AI boom Aerospike Raises $109M For Accelerated Database Development, Market Expansion Aerospike reels in $109M to accelerate its high-speed database Aerospike set to grow real time database for AI with $109M raise Aerospike Lands $109 Million Investment to Fuel Expansion provided by Google News Q&A: Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses? Neuro-Symbolic AI: The Peak of Artificial Intelligence The Foundation of Data Fabrics and AI: Semantic Knowledge Graphs - DataScienceCentral.com Franz Releases the First Neuro-Symbolic AI Platform Merging Knowledge Graphs, Generative AI, and Vector Storage Fuse Graph Neural Networks with Semantic Reasoning to Produce Complimentary Predictions provided by Google News Monitor Amazon EKS Control Plane metrics using AWS Open Source monitoring services | Amazon Web Services 6 Cool Kubernetes Operators and How to Use Them RBI reiterates need for underlying forex exposure for rupee derivatives transactions | Mint Killing a market, softly: How an RBI communique could end India's thriving ETCD market ETCD directives don't go well with RBI's stellar reputation provided by Google News Ontotext's GraphDB Solution is Now Available on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace Ontotext Unveils GraphDB 10.4 with Enhanced AWS Integration and ChatGPT Connector Ontotext GraphDB is available on Azure, delivers rich knowledge graph experience Ontotext Platform 3.0 for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs Released It's just semantics: Bulgarian software dev Ontotext squeezes out GraphDB 9.1 provided by Google News Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Neo4j Empowers Syracuse University with $250K Grant to Tackle Misinformation in 2024 Elections Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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