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DBMS > Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmldgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.io
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docs
DeveloperSoftware AGDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleGoogleHarperDB
Initial release19712016201520172017
Current release3.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial infofree community edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoNode.js
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesdynamic schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes infoJSON data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statements
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesNaturalC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin NaturalnononoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistayesShardingShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be defined
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, using LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)no infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerHarperDB
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