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DBMS > Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperSoftware AGCognitectGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release19712012200820102019
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, Clojure.NET and C
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
All OS with a Java VMhosted.NEThosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoSQL-like query language (GQL)noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesNaturalClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin Naturalyes infoTransaction Functionsusing Google App EngineyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistanone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event Replicatornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication using Paxosyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactionsnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)noAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DatomicGoogle Cloud DatastoreGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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