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DBMS > Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Firebird vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Firebird vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.datomic.comwww.firebirdsql.orgcloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­google/­leveldb
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperSoftware AGCognitectFirebird FoundationGoogleGoogle
Initial release197120122000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase20082011
Current release1.0.6735, June 20235.0.0, January 20241.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC and C++C++
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
All OS with a Java VMAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, details hereno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoyesSQL-like query language (GQL)no
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesNaturalClojure
Java
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin Naturalyes infoTransaction FunctionsPSQLusing Google App Engineno
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistanone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event Replicatornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication using Paxosnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactionsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)noUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DatomicFirebirdGoogle Cloud DatastoreLevelDB
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