DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. SpaceTime vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. SpaceTime vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.80
Rank	#214	Overall
	#99	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.03
Rank	#392	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.mcobject.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

docs.stardog.com

Developer

4D, Inc

McObject

Mireo

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1984

2001

2020

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

8.2, 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

support of XML interfaces available

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

by defining events

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning / sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
» more

Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more

Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more

Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more

Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

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