DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. SQL.JS vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. SQL.JS vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed reliable key-value store

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.63
Rank	#241	Overall
	#112	Relational DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

sql.js.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

1998

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

JavaScript

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

except by serializing a db to a file

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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