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DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. SQL.JS vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. SQL.JS vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonSQL.JS  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed reliable key-value storePort of SQLite to JavaScriptIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score0.63
Rank#241  Overall
#112  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.cometcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
sql.js.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.cometcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
sql.js.org/­documentation/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncAlon Zakai infoenhancements implemented by othersOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenLink Software
Initial release1984201219981998
Current releasev20, April 20233.4, August 201911 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JavaScript APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
JavaScriptC
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoPL/SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesno infoexcept by serializing a db to a fileyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionetcdSQL.JSTimesTenVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionetcdSQL.JSTimesTenVirtuoso
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