DBMS > 4D vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite vs. VoltDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite vs. VoltDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.18
Rank	#114	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	103.35
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.38
Rank	#156	Overall
	#72	Relational DBMS

Score	1.48
Rank	#149	Overall
	#8	Vector DBMS

Website

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

pouchdb.com/guides

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.voltdb.com

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

VoltDB Inc.

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

1984

2012

2000

2010

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

7.1.1, June 2019

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

11.3, April 2022

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

server-less

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

Snapshots and command logging

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.