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DBMS > 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splice Machine vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splice Machine vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSplice Machine  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and SparkCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.54
Rank#252  Overall
#115  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.postgresql.orgsplicemachine.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.postgresql.org/­docssplicemachine.com/­how-it-worksvertica.com/­documentation
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSplice MachineOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release19841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142005
Current releasev20, April 202316.3, May 20243.1, March 202112.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0, commercial license availablecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoJavayes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesyesyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioninghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoYes, via Full Spark Integrationno infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostgreSQLSplice MachineVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostgreSQLSplice MachineVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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