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DBMS > 4D vs. NebulaGraph vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. NebulaGraph vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
rethinkdb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.nebula-graph.iorethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncVesoft Inc.The Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release19842019200919982016
Current releasev20, April 20232.4.1, August 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesStrong typed schemaschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsPL/SQLno
TriggersyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding inforange basednoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-document operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionNebulaGraphRethinkDBTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionNebulaGraphRethinkDBTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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