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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RavenDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RavenDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlravendb.netwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlravendb.net/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleHibernating RhinosOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842016199420101998
Current releasev20, April 202318.1.40, May 20205.4, July 202211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C#
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnonoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like query language (RQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLnoyesPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesnoAuthorization levels configured per client per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Berkeley DBRavenDBTimesTen
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