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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release1984201920182012
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageProlog, RustJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streamsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTitan
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