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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Wide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbhelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftMicrosoftSAPOpenLink Software
Initial release19842014201220101998
Current releasev20, April 20232.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedAppliance or cloud-serviceAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptnoSQLScript, Ryes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesJavaScriptnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionoptimistic lockingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageSAP HANAVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageSAP HANAVirtuoso
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