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DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed reliable key-value storeEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.cometcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
github.com/­google/­leveldbwww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.cometcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
github.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncGoogle8Kdata
Initial release1984201120172016
Current releasev20, April 20233.4, August 20191.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyes
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.noneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionetcdLevelDBTigerGraphToroDB
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