DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed reliable key-value store

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.64
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#309	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

1984

2011

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

1.23, February 2021

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Roles, resources, and access types

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More resources

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